还在回味侏罗纪?人类也有以自己物种命名的地质学时代了!
A panel of scientists voted this week to designate a new geologic epoch — the Anthropocene — to mark the profound ways in which humans have altered the planet. That decision, by the 34-member Anthropocene Working Group (AWG), marks an important step towards formally defining a new slice of the geologic record — an idea that has generated intense debate within the scientific community over the past few years.
一组科学家投票选出了一个新的地质时代——人类世,以标志人类对地球做出的深刻改变。由34名成员组成的人类世工作组(AWG)做出的这一决定,标志了朝着对地质记录新片段的正式定义迈出了重要一步——过去几年,这一想法在科学界引发了激烈的辩论。
The panel plans to submit a formal proposal for the new epoch by 2021 to the International Commission on Stratigraphy, which oversees the official geologic time chart.
该小组计划在2021年之前向国际地层学委员会提交一份关于新纪元的正式提案。该委员会负责制订标准的地质时间表。
Twenty-nine members of the AWG supported the Anthropocene designation and voted in favour of starting the new epoch in the mid-twentieth century, when a rapidly rising human population accelerated the pace of industrial production, the use of agricultural chemicals and other human activities. At the same time, the first atomic-bomb blasts littered the globe with radioactive debris that became embedded in sediments and glacial ice, becoming part of the geologic record.
AWG的29位成员支持人类世的定义,并投票赞成新纪元始于20世纪中期,当时迅速增长的人口加快了工业生产、农用化学品的使用和其他人类活动的步伐。与此同时,第一次原子弹爆炸使地球上散落着放射性碎片,这些碎片嵌入沉积物和冰川冰中,成为地质记录的一部分。
带大家过一下知识点:
地质年代(Geological Time)是指地壳上不同时期的岩石和地层在形成过程中的时间(年龄)和顺序。时间表述单位:宙、代、纪、世、期、时;地层表述单位:宇、界、系、统、阶、带。
如果提案通过,现在应该是显生宙 新生代 第四纪 人类世了!
▲新地质时代(如图底部所示),意为人类时代,是由诺贝尔奖得主大气化学家Paul Crutzen在15年前提出的,从那时起这个想法就开始流行起来(图 via DailyMail)
什么是“ANTHROPOCENE” (“人类世”)?
The Anthropocene is the name of a proposed geological epoch that may soon enter the official Geologic Time Scale.
人类世(Anthropocene)是一个拟议的地质时代的名称,可能很快就会进入正式的地质时代表。
It refers to a time in which human permanently changed the planet.
它指的是人类永久改变地球的时期。
According to the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), we are officially in the Holocene epoch, which began 11,700 years ago after the last major ice age.
根据国际地质科学联合会的说法,我们现在是属于“全新世”,它始于11700年前的最后一个主要冰河时代之后。
Some experts argue we should now change the name to 'Anthropocene'. This is from anthropo, for 'man,' and cene, for 'new'.
一些专家认为,我们现在应该把(现所处时代的)名字改为“人类世”。这个词来自anthropo,意为“人”,cene意为“新的”。
Experts remain divided on when mankind caused a lasting impact on the Earth's geology but seem to have settled on a time near 1950.The atomic bomb is a popular marker.
关于人类什么时候对地球地质造成了持久的影响,专家们仍有分歧,但似乎已确定在1950年左右。原子弹爆炸是一个大家都认同的标志性事件。
▲Scientists declare Earth has entered the 'Age of Man': Influential panel votes to recognise the start of the Anthropocene epoch (viaDailyMail)
在决定推进新纪元后,“人类世”工作组现在将重点挑选一个确定的地质标记或“金钉子”——这在技术上被称为全球界线层型剖面和点位(GSSP,俗称金钉子)。
该小组正在考虑来自全球的十个标记候选地点,包括意大利北部的一个洞穴,大堡礁的珊瑚和中国的一个湖泊。